雅思资讯
托福阅读备考-代词的应用
2016-08-30 11:20
来源:
作者:
代词,往往是我们英语学习中最容易忽视的一类单词,因为它们本身并没有太多色彩,太多意义。但是代词的正确使用会让我们的英语表达更加地道,在英语写作方面,它们也让我们的句子结构更加紧凑。
在托福阅读中,指代题虽然题量不大,但是除了指代题之外,事实信息题、句子插入题以及推断题的很多考点就是清楚地知道代词的指代。如果我们准确领悟代词的指代,很多题目都可以迎刃而解。
下面将从指代题、事实信息题和推断题入手,逐一分析代词指代的重要性。
1、指代题
例题1:
Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
The word they in the passage refers to
○valleys
○trees
○heights
○ridges
首先,在考察指代题时,代词“they”在题干中打上阴影,并且原文中代词“they”也打上了阴影,所以指代题不需要定位。
其次,在解答指代题时,我们只需要看两句话,一是代词所在的这句,二是前面一句。以这道题为例,我们这句话是由since引导的原因状语从句,主句的主语是trees, 然后trees所在的这句话又接了个even though引导的让步状语从句,而从句中的主语是代词,很明显它指代的就是主句中的主语,所以答案是“trees”。所以我们得出了一条规律:在主从复合句中,主语应该是一致的。
例题2:
Paragraph 6: Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
The word them in the passage refers to
○workers
○political party loyalties
○disagreements over tactics
○agents of opportunity
拿到这道题,我们发现代词“them”在这句话的句首,for them对他们来说,所以这道题的指代在上一句中。我们不难发现,上一句话中出现了大量的名词短语的并列,而选项中B和C在原文中是以并列形式出现的,表明重要性一致,所以优先排除这两个选项,那么上句话中唯一提到的名词又在选项中出现的,只有A。
提醒广大托儿们,当两个选项在文中是以并列或列举形式出现,那么我们首先先排除这两个选项。
2、事实信息题
新东方唐山学校:新东方 (微信号:tsxdfxx)
最新考试资讯、雅思托福预测、雅思托福解析,请扫一扫二维码,关注我们的官方微信!
版权及免责声明
①凡本网注明"稿件来源:新东方"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件,版权均属新东方教育科技集团(含本网和新东方网) 所有,任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站,在下载使用时必须注明"稿件来源:新东方",违者本网将依法追究法律责任。
② 本网未注明"稿件来源:新东方"的文/图等稿件均为转载稿,本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的,并不意味着赞同转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用,必须保留本网注明的"稿件来源",并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为"稿件来源:新东方",本网将依法追究法律责任。
③ 如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题,请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与新东方网联系,电话:010-60908555。